N'ime narị afọ na-achọsi ike nke elu carbon na nnọpụiche carbon, mba dị iche iche gburugburu ụwa na-achọsi ike maka ọgbọ na-esote teknụzụ ike, na akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ.amoniana-aghọ ihe a na-elekwasị anya n'ụwa n'oge na-adịbeghị anya. E jiri ya tụnyere hydrogen, amonia na-agbasa site n'ubi fatịlaịza ugbo ọdịnala na mpaghara ike n'ihi uru doro anya na nchekwa na njem.

Faria, onye ọkachamara na Mahadum Twente dị na Netherlands, kwuru na n'ihi mmụba nke ọnụ ahịa carbon, amonia green nwere ike ịbụ eze ga-achị mmanụ ọkụ n'ọdịnihu.

Yabụ, kedu ihe bụ amonia green? Kedu ihe bụ ọnọdụ mmepe ya? Gịnị bụ ọnọdụ ngwa? Ọ bụ akụ na ụba?

Green amonia na ọnọdụ mmepe ya

Hydrogen bụ isi akụrụngwa makaamoniammepụta. Ya mere, dị ka ụdị carbon carbon dị iche iche na usoro mmepụta hydrogen si dị, a pụkwara kewaa amonia n'ime ụdị anọ ndị a site na agba:

Agba ntụamonia: Emere site na ike fossil omenala (gas eke na kol).

Amonia na-acha anụnụ anụnụ: A na-ewepụta hydrogen raw site na mmanụ ọkụ, mana a na-eji njide carbon na teknụzụ nchekwa na nhazi nhazi.

Blue-green amonia: Usoro methane pyrolysis na-eme ka methane ghọọ hydrogen na carbon. A na-eji hydrogen enwetara na usoro a dị ka akụrụngwa iji mepụta amonia site na iji ọkụ eletrik ndụ ndụ.

Green amonia: A na-eji ọkụ eletrik na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ na-emepụta site na ume ọhụrụ dị ka ikuku na ike anyanwụ na-eme ka mmiri na-emepụta hydrogen, mgbe ahụ, a na-emepụta amonia site na nitrogen na hydrogen na ikuku.

N'ihi na amonia na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na-emepụta nitrogen na mmiri mgbe ọkụ gasịrị, ma ọ dịghị emepụta carbon dioxide, a na-ewere amonia green ammonia dị ka mmanụ "zero-carbon" na otu n'ime isi mmalite ike dị ọcha n'ọdịnihu.

Akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ zuru ụwa ọnụamoniaahịa ka na-amalite. Site n'echiche zuru ụwa ọnụ, nha ahịa amonia na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ bụ ihe dị ka nde US $ 36 na 2021 ma na-atụ anya iru $ 5.48 ijeri na 2030, yana nkezi uto mkpokọta kwa afọ nke 74.8%, nke nwere ikike dị ukwuu. Yundao Capital na-ebu amụma na mmepụta kwa afọ nke amonia akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ ga-agafe nde tọn 20 na 2030 ma gafere 560 nde tọn na 2050, na-aza ihe karịrị 80% nke mmepụta amonia zuru ụwa ọnụ.

Dị ka nke Septemba 2023, etinyela ihe karịrị ọrụ amonia akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ 60 n'ụwa niile, yana mkpokọta ikike imepụta ihe karịrị nde tọn 35 / afọ. A na-ekesa ọrụ amonia akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ nke mba ofesi na Australia, South America, Europe na Middle East.

Kemgbe 2024, ụlọ ọrụ amonia na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na China etolitela ngwa ngwa. Dabere na ọnụ ọgụgụ ezughị ezu, kemgbe 2024, akwalitela ihe karịrị oru ngo hydrogen amonia 20. Envision Technology Group, China Energy Construction, State Power Investment Corporation, State Energy Group, wdg etinyewo ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ 200 ijeri yuan n'ịkwalite ọrụ amonia green, nke ga-ahapụ nnukwu ikike mmepụta nke amonia na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ n'ọdịnihu.

Ngwa ndapụta nke green amonia

Dị ka ike dị ọcha, amonia na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ nwere ihe ngosi dị iche iche nke ngwa n'ọdịnihu. Na mgbakwunye na ọrụ ugbo na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, ọ gụnyekwara ngwakọta ike ọkụ, mmanụ ụgbọ mmiri, ndozi carbon, nchekwa hydrogen na ubi ndị ọzọ.

1. Ụlọ ọrụ mbupu

Mgbapụta carbon dioxide sitere na mbupu bụ 3% ruo 4% nke ikuku carbon dioxide zuru ụwa ọnụ. Na 2018, International Maritime Organisation nakweere atụmatụ mmalite maka mbelata ikuku ikuku griin haus, na-atụ aro na ka ọ na-erule 2030, a ga-ebelata ikuku carbon mbupu zuru ụwa ọnụ ma ọ dịkarịa ala 40% ma e jiri ya tụnyere 2008, ma gbalịsie ike ibelata 70% site na 2050. iji nweta mbelata carbon na decarbonization na ụlọ ọrụ mbupu, mmanụ ọkụ dị ọcha na-edochi ike fossil bụ ụzọ teknụzụ kachasị mma.

A na-ekwenyekarị na ụlọ ọrụ mbupu na amonia akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ bụ otu n'ime isi ihe na-eme ka decarbonization na ụlọ ọrụ mbupu n'ọdịnihu.

Ndebanye aha mbupu nke Lloyd buru amụma n'otu oge na n'etiti 2030 na 2050, oke nke amonia dị ka mmanụ ụgbọ mmiri ga-abawanye site na 7% ruo 20%, na-edochi gas na mmanụ ndị ọzọ ka ọ bụrụ mmanụ mbupu kacha mkpa.

2. Ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ike

Amoniacombustion adịghị emepụta CO2, na amonia-agwakọta combustion nwere ike nagide dị ugbu a coal-chụọ ọkụ ụlọ ọrụ na-enweghị isi mgbanwe na-esi esi mmiri ọkụ ahu. Ọ bụ ihe dị irè maka ibelata ikuku carbon dioxide n'ime ụlọ ọrụ ọkụ ọkụ.

Na July 15, National Development and Reform Commission na National Energy Administration nyere "Atụmatụ Action for Low-carbon Transformation and Construction of Coal Power (2024-2027)", nke tụrụ aro na mgbe mgbanwe na-ewu ụlọ, coal ike nkeji kwesịrị inwe. ike ịgwakọta ihe karịrị 10% nke green amonia na ọkụ coal. A na-ebelata oke oriri na ikuku carbon. Enwere ike ịhụ na ịgwakọta amonia ma ọ bụ amonia dị ọcha na nkeji ike ọkụ bụ ntụziaka teknụzụ dị mkpa maka mbelata ikuku carbon n'ọhịa ike.

Japan bụ nnukwu onye na-akwalite mmepụta ike ọkụ amonia agwakọta. Japan haziri “2021-2050 Japan Amonia Fuel Roadmap” na 2021, ma ga-emecha ngosi na nkwenye nke mmanụ amonia agwakọta 20% n'ime ụlọ ọrụ ọkụ ọkụ site na 2025; ka teknụzụ ngwakọta amonia na-etolite, oke a ga-abawanye karịa 50%; Ka ọ na-erule n'afọ 2040, a ga-arụ ụlọ ọrụ ọkụ amonia dị ọcha.

3. Onye na-ebu nchekwa hydrogen

A na-eji Amonia eme ihe dị ka onye na-ebu nchekwa hydrogen, ọ dịkwa mkpa ka ọ gafee usoro nke njikọ amonia, liquefaction, njem, na mweghachi nke hydrogen gas. Usoro dum nke ntụgharị amonia-hydrogen tozuru oke.

Ka ọ dị ugbu a, e nwere ụzọ isii isi nke nchekwa nchekwa na njem hydrogen: nchekwa na njem ụgbọ mmiri dị elu, ụgbọ njem pipeline gaseous, nchekwa mmiri hydrogen na njem dị ala, nchekwa mmiri organic nchekwa na njem, nchekwa mmiri amonia na ụgbọ njem, na ígwè. nchekwa hydrogen siri ike na njem. N'ime ha, nchekwa amonia mmiri mmiri na njem bụ ịwepụta hydrogen site na njikọ amonia, mmiri mmiri, njem na regasification. Ammonia na-agbanye mmiri na -33 Celsius ma ọ bụ 1MPa. Ọnụ ego nke hydrogenation/dehydrogenation bụ ihe karịrị 85%. Ọ naghị emetụ n'ahụ anya ụgbọ njem ma dabara adaba maka nchekwa nchekwa na ogologo na njem nke nnukwu hydrogen, ọkachasị njem ụgbọ mmiri. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ụzọ kachasị mma nke nchekwa hydrogen na njem n'ọdịnihu.

4. Chemical akụrụngwa

Dị ka a nwere ike green nitrogen fatịlaịza na isi akụrụngwa maka green chemicals, greenamoniaga-akwalite ngwa ngwa mmepe nke "amonia green + fatịlaịza akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ" na "amonia chemical" nke ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe.

E jiri ya tụnyere amonia sịntetị nke sitere na ike fossil, a na-atụ anya na amonia akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ agaghị enwe ike ịmepụta asọmpi dị irè dị ka ngwa ngwa kemịkal tupu 2035.